clinical picture Mnemonics of cretinism

Saturday, May 5, 20120 comments


Simple Mnemonics for Clinical picture of cretinism
IM02D5~1
hypothyroid face with protruded tongue
at birth & early neonatal :
1- Feeding difficulty, choking & anorexia
2- Constipation, abdomenal distention, umbilical hernia, delayed passage of meconium
3- Heavy birth weight (Over weight).
4- Hypothermia, cold skin.
5- Open posterior fontanel.
6- Less activity, always sleep, little cry hoarse voice.
7- Prolonged physiological jaundice.
8- Bradycardia: ↓ HR (Slow Pulse) .
9- Apneic attacks: ↓ Respiratory rate.
10- X- Ray knee: absent ossific centers at birth of the lower end of the femur.
APGAR score of early suspicion of hypothyroidism



IM06D5~1
H → Hypotonia → 1
Y → Yellow (icterus >3) →1
P → Pallor, cold, hypothermia →1
O → Open post. fontanel →1
T → Tongue enlarged →1
H → Umbilical hernia →2
Y → absent Y (female) →1
R → Rough dry skin →1
O → Edematous typical face →2
I.D.→ Inactive defecation → 2
Birth weight > 3.5 kg →1
Post.mature > 40w →1
Total = 15.
If score > 5 suggest hypothyroidism, must investigate.
Typical Symptoms & Signs:
IM02FB~1
hypothyroidism (short stature and abdominal distension)
A- Delayed growth & development and metal retardation.
  • Delayed motor mile stones.
  • Delayed social development.
  • Growth retardation & short stature .
B- Characteristic features:
1- Head:
  •  Face → coarse puffy face.
  • Skull → delayed closure of fontanels (anterior).
  • Hair → coarse dry hair, low hair line.
  • Eyes → hypertdorism, puffy eye lids, scanty hair of brows.
  •  Nose → depressed nasal bridge.
  •  Tongue → macroglossia, thick lips.
  •  Teeth → delayed eruption, tendency to decay.
2- Neck:
  • short & webbed. & thyroid may palpable .
3- Skin:
  • Pale yellow skin (carotenemia). & Dry, rough, clod.
4- Abdomen:
  • Pott's belly abdomen. & Umbilical hernia.
5- C.V.S:
  •  Bradycardia.
  •  Haemic murmur.
  •  Cardiomegally → CHF.
6- C.N.S:
  • Hypotonia
  • Hyporeflexia,
  • apathy.
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