Mnemonics anatomy

Mnemonics anatomy

 

Supine vs. prone body position

Know SUPination is your hand while carrying a bowl of SOUP. Your face follows where your palm is facing [i.e. up]. Put a handpuppet on your hand while hand is in supination and the puppet will be the supine position.

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location

· Since there's two T's in carpal bone mnemonic sentences, need to know which T is where:

TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE.

· Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is by its SIDE.

Lumbricals action

Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints. When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an "L" shape, since L is for Lumbrical.

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it

"Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry":

· From anterior to posterior:

Tibialis ant

Digitorum

Artery

Nerve

Hallicus

· Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus Longus.

· Alternatively: "Tom, Dick ANd Harry".

· Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry".

or tom has a nice cat

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement

The two Semi's go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus.

The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendonosus is also medial.

Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.

Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is on Top.

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents

NAVEL:

· From lateral hip towards medial navel:

Nerve (directly behind sheath)

Artery (within sheath)

Vein (within sheath)

Empty space (between vein and lymph)

Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node)

· Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.

NAVY

nerve, artery , vein, y-fronts

Bronchi: which one is more vertical

"Inhale a bite, goes down the right":

Inhaled objects more likely to lodge in right bronchus, since it is the one that is more vertical.

Radial nerve: muscles supplied (simplified)

"BEST muscles":

Brachioradialis

Extensors

Supinator

Triceps

Brachial plexus subunits

"Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer":

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Branches

· Alternatively: "Real Texans Drink Coors Beer". "russian tanks

 

Diaphragm innervation

"3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive":

Diaphragm innervation is cervical roots 3, 4, and 5.

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it

"The lady between two majors":

Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.

Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.

Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.

Aortic arch: major branch order

"Know your ABC'S":

Aortic arch gives rise to:

Brachiocephalic trunk

left Common Carotid

left Subclavian

· Beware though trick question of 'What is first branch of aorta?' Technically, it's the coronary arteries.

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated

"The LOAF muscles": lateral two lumbricals, opp pollicis, abd pollicics brevis, flexor poll brvis

Lumbricals 1 and 2

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

· Alternatively: LLOAF, with 2 L's, to recall there's 2 lumbricals.

· To remember that these are the Median nerve muscles, think "Meat LOAF".

Oblique muscles: direction of externals vs. internals

"Hands in your pockets":

When put hands in your pockets, fingers now lie on top of external obliques and fingers point their direction of fibers: down and towards midline.

· Note: "oblique" tells that must be going at an angle.

· Internal obliques are at right angles to external.

Face muscles: large muscle groups' cranial innervation

Mandibular nerve: Mastication.

Facial nerve: Facial expression.

 

Facial nerve branchs

two zulus buggered my cat

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Median nerve: recognizing it in an opened axilla

The Median nerve is the Middle of a giant capital "M" formed by the musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers

· A little rhyme:

Superficialis Splits in two,

To Permit Profundus Passing through.

Ulnar nerve to ulnar artery and radial nerve to radial artery relations

Think "peripheral nerves":

The ulnar nerve is "ulnar" to the ulnar artery.

Radial nerve is "radial" to the radial artery.

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment

BrachioRadialis:

Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.

Innervation: Breaks Rule: it’s a flexor muscle, But Radial. (Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was for brachioradialis).

Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa.

Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.

Elbow: muscles that flex it

Three B's Bend the elBow:

Brachialis

Biceps

Brachioradialis

Soleus vs. gastrocnemius muscle function

"Stand on your Soles. Explosive gas":

You stand on soles of your shoes, so Soleus is for posture.

Gasoline is explosive, so Gastrocnemius is for explosive movement.

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg

Second letter rule for inversion/eversion:

· Eversion muscles:

pErineus longus

pErineus brevis

pErineus terius

· Inversion muscles:

tIbialis anterior

tIbialis posterior

Palmaris longus: location, relative to wrist nerves

"The Palmaris between two Palmars":

Palmaris longus is between the Palmar cutaneous branch of Ulnar nerve and Palmar cutaneous branch of Median nerve.

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes

MEDIAN TRAP:

Myxoedema

Edema premenstrually

Diabetes

Idiopathic

Agromegaly

Neoplasm

Trauma

Rheumatoid arthritis

Amyloidosis

Pregnancy

· Mnemonic fits nicely since median nerve is trapped.

Pectoral nerves: path of lateral vs. medial

"Lateral Less, Medial More":

Lateral pectoral nerve only goes through Pectoralis major, but

Medial pectoral nerve goes though both Pectoralis major and minor.

Abdominal muscles

"Spare TIRE around their abdomen":

Transversus abdominis

Internal abdominal oblique

Rectus abdominis

External abdominal oblique

Cranial bones

"PEST OF 6":

Parietal

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Temporal

Occipital

Frontal

· The 6 just reminds that there's 6 of them to remember.

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply

"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8":

S1-2: ankle

L3-4: knee

C5-6: biceps, supinator

C7-8: triceps

Scalp layers

SCALP:

· From superficial to deep:

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose areolar tissue

Pericranium

Cervical plexus: arrangement of the important nerves

"GLAST":

· 4 compass points: clockwise from north on the right side of neck:

Great auricular

Lesser occipital

Accessory nerve pops out between L and S

Supraclavicular

Transverse cervical

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial group

There are five, like five digits of your hand.

Place your thumb into your palm, then lay that hand palm down on your other arm, as shown in diagram.

Your 4 fingers now show distribution: spells PFPF [pass/fail, pass/fail]:

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Your thumb below your 4 fingers shows the muscle which is deep to the other four: Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Median and ulnar nerves: common features

Each supply 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus.

Each supplies 2 lumbricals.

Each has a palmar cutaneous nerve that pops off prematurely.

Each supplies an eminence group of muscles [ulnar: hypothenar. median: thenar].

Each enters forearm through two heads [ulnar: heads of flexor carpi ulnaris. median: heads of pronator teres].

Each has no branches in upper arm.

Each makes two fingers claw when cut at wrist.

Each supplies a palmaris [median: palmaris longus. ulnar: palmaris brevis].

Spermatic cord contents

"3 arteries, 3 nerves, 3 other things":

3 arteries: testicular, ductus deferens, cremasteric.

3 nerves: genital branch of the genitofemoral, cremasteric, autonomics.

3 other things: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics.

· Note some argument about this: Moore doesn't put in cremasteric nerve, Lumley puts in inguinal...

Interossei muscles: actions of dorsal vs. palmar in hand

"PAd and DAb":

The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal Abduct.

· Use your hand to dab with a pad.

CN VII innervated muscles (branchial arch 2 derivatives)

"Imagine someone making the facial expression to say 'PSS...' ":

Facial expression muscles

Posterior belly of digastric

Stapedius

Stylohyoid

V3 innervated muscles (branchial arch 1 derivatives)

"M.D. My TV":

Mastication [masseter, temporalis, pterygoids]

Digastric [anterior belly]

Mylohyoid

tensor Tympani

tensor Veli palatini

Carpal bones

"Scottish Lads Take Prostitutes To The Caledonian Hotel":

· Proximal row, then distal row:

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrium

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capate

Hamate

· Alternatively: "Students Like Taking Prostitutes To The Carelton Hotel".

Carpal bones

"She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her":

· Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial:

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrium

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capate

Hamate

· Alternatively: "She Likes To Play; Try To Catch Her".

vs. prone body position

"Supine is on your spine.

Therefore, prone's the "other" one.

· Also, prone to suffocate in prone position.

External carotid artery branches

"Sister Lucy's Powdered Face Often Attracts Silly Medicos":

· Before entering the parotid gland:

Superior thyroid

Lingual

Posterior auricular

Facial

Occipital

Ascending pharyngeal

· Ends as:

Superficial temporal and

Maxillary bifurcating in the in the parotid gland

Carpal bones

"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle":

· Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial:

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrium

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capate

Hamate

· Alternatively: "Scared Lovers..."

· Alternatively: "Senior Lecturers...".

External carotid artery branches

"Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS":

Superior thyroid

Ascending pharyngeal

Lingual

Facial

Occipital

Posterior auricular

Maxillary

Superificial temporal

Brachial plexus: branches of posterior cord

STAR:

Subscapular [upper and lower]

Thoracodorsal

Axillary

Radial

Internal jugular vein: tributaries

"Medical Schools Let Confident People In":

· From inferior to superior:

Middle thyroid

Superior thyroid

Lingual

Common facial

Pharyngeal

Inferior petrosal sinus

Facial bones

"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh!":

Vomer

Conchae

Nasal

Maxilla

Mandible

Palatine

Zygomatic

Lacrimal

Brachial plexus organization

"The Castrated Dog Turns Rabid":

· From lateral to medial:

Terminal branches

Cords

Divisions

Trunks

Roots

Brachial artery: recurrent and collateral branches

"I Am Pretty Sexy"

Inferior ulnar collateral artery goes with Anterior ulnar recurrent artery.

Posterior ulnar recurrent artery goes with Superior ulnar collateral artery.

· Alternatively: "I Am Pretty Smart".

Cubital fossa contents

"My Bottoms Turned Red":

· From medial to lateral:

Median nerve

Brachial artery

Tendon of biceps

Radial nerve

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface)

"A OF A OF A":

· Thenar, lateral to medial:

Abductor pollicis longus

Opponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis.

· Hypothenar, lateral to medial:

Opponens digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi

Orbit: bones of medial wall

"My Little Eye Sits in the orbit":

Maxilla (frontal process)

Lacrimal

Ethmoid

Sphenoid (body)

Thoracoacromial artery branches

"CAlifornia Police Department":

Clavicular

Acromial

Pectoral

Deltoid

Axillary artery branches

"Send The Lord to Say A Prayer":

· From proximal to distal:

Superior thoracic

Thoracacromial

Lateral thoracic

Subscapular

Anterior circumflex humeral

Posterior circumflex humeral

Scrotum layers

"Some Damn Englishman Called It The Testis":

· From superficial to deep:

Skin

Dartos

External spermatic fascia

Cremaster

Internal spermatic fascia

Tunica vaginalis

Testis

Carotid sheath contents

"I See 10 CC's in the IV":

I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery

10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)

CC = Common Carotid artery

IV = Internal Jugular Vein

Facial nerve branches

"Two Zombies Buggered My Cat":

· From superior to inferior:

Temporal branch

Zygomatic branch

Buccal branch

Mandibular branch

Cervical branch

· Alternatively: "Two Zulus Bit My Cat".

· Alternatively: "Two Zebras Bit My Coccyx".

· Alternatively: "To Zanzibar By Motor Car".

· Alternatively: "Tall Zulus Bear Many Children".

External carotid artery branches

StApLE OPIS:

Superior thyroid

Ascending pharyngeal

Lingual

External maxillary (facial)

Occipital

Posterior auricular

Internal maxillary

Superficial temporal

Cartilage derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular)

"I'M A Super Sexy Guy" (or Girl):

Incus

Malleus

Anterior ligament of malleus

Spine of sphenoid

Sphenomandibular ligament

Genial tubercle of mandible

Axillary artery branches

"Suzy Thompkins Loves Sex, Alcohol, and Pot":

· From proximal to distal:

Superior thoracic

Thoracacromial

Lateral thoracic

Subscapular

Anterior circumflex humeral

Posterior circumflex humeral

Carpal tunnel syndrome: causes

TRAMP:

Trauma (occupational)

Rheumatiod arthritis

Acromegaly

Myxoedema

Pregnancy

· Alternatively: ARMPIT to include Idiopathic.

Horner's syndrome components

"HORNy PAM"

· Horner's is:

Ptosis

Anhidrosis

Miosis

Biceps brachii muscle: origins

"You walk shorter to a street corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.":

· Short head originates from coracoid process.

· Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity.

Bell's palsy: symptoms

BELL'S Palsy:

Blink reflex abnormal

Earache

Lacrimation [deficient, excess]

Loss of taste

Sudden onset

Palsy of VII nerve muscles

· All symptoms are unilateral.

Inguinal canal: walls

"MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T":

· Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:

Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles:

· internal oblique Muscle

· transverse abdominus Muscle

Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:

· Aponeurosis of external oblique

· Aponeurosis of internal oblique

Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments:

· inguinal Ligament

· lacunar Ligament

Posterior wall: 2Ts:

· Transversalis fascia

· conjoint Tendon

Scalp: nerve supply

GLASS:

Greater occipital/ Greater auricular

Lesser occipital

Auriculotemporal

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

Tibia: muscles of pes anserinus (the muscles attached to tibia's medial side) 

"A Girl between Two Sargeants":

Gracilus is between

Sartorius and

Semitendonosus

Lower limb peripheral nerve injurys

"Drop into a DEeP PIT and shuffle your way out":

Foot Drop results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis, due to common Peroneal nerve lesion.

Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nerve lesion, results in a shuffling gait.

Supination vs. pronation

"SOUPination": Supination is to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup.

"POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if you are pouring out whatever is your bowl.

· Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing downward, as if making a donation.

Thigh: innervation by compartment

"MAP OF Sciatic":

Medial compartment: Obturator

Anterior compartment: Femoral

Posterior compartment: Sciatic

· So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.

Femoral artery deep branches

"Put My Leg Down Please":

Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery)

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

Descending genicular arteries

Perforating arteries

Popliteal fossa: medial to lateral arrangment

"Serve And Volley Next Ball":

Semimembranosus/ Semitendonosus

Artery

Vein

Nerve

Biceps femoris

· Lateral and medial heads of Gastrocnemius are inferior borders.

Subclavian artery branches

"Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily":

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

---Inferior thyroid

---Superficial cervical

---Suprascapular

Costocervical

---Superior intercostal

---Deep cervical

Femoral triangle: boundaries

"So I May Always Love Sally":

Superiorly: Inguinal ligament

Medially: Adductor longus

Laterally: Sartorius